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Valuing dedicated storage in electricity grids

With contribution of the SCCER HaE, the European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC) released a report on roles and possibilities of storage in future electricity systems.
In four main chapters, an overview on
  • Electricity storage technology with an assessment on their availability in 2020 and 2030;
  • Services given by storage to the electricity marked (EU perspective);
  • The status of modelling and assessing the value of storage; and
  • Policy options for future electricity market design to ensure the required flexibility of the electricity system;
together with a 12-item executive a summary for policy makers is given.

 

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Von Stromspeichern und Kompetenzzentren im Kontext der Energiewende
Interview with Thomas J. Schmidt on Powernewz.ch

Im Rahmen der Energiestrategie 2050 werden Stromspeicher für die Stabilität des Stromnetzes und für dessen Versorgung künftig eine zentrale Rolle spielen. Dem Kompetenzzentrum SCCER Storage dürfte dabei eine wichtige Rolle zukommen.
Read the whole article
Thomas J. Schmidt – Leiter des Kompetenzzentrums SCCER Storage am Paul-Scherrer-Institut

 

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Nanomaterial helps store solar energy: efficiently and inexpensively

Field trials show that new catalyst material for electrolysers is reliable Efficient storage technologies are necessary if solar and wind energy is to help satisfy increased energy demands. One important approach is storage in the form of hydrogen extracted from water using solar or wind energy. This process takes place in a so-called electrolyser. Thanks to a new material developed by researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI and Empa, these devices are likely to become cheaper and more efficient in the future.
The material in question works as a catalyst accelerating the splitting of water molecules: the first step in the production of hydrogen. Researchers also showed that this new material can be reliably produced in large quantities and demonstrated its performance capability within a technical electrolysis cell — the main component of an electrolyser. The results of their research have been published in the current edition of the scientific journal Nature Materials.
Read the full text here.
Text and photos: PSI

 


Upcoming

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novatlantis Bauforum Zürich 2017
August 24th, 2017:ETH Zürich, Zentrum, Universitätsstrasse 6, CAB G 11 13.15 Uhr bis 17.00 Uhr
Gebäude-Erneuerung im städtischen Kontext: Hintergründe, Hürden und Highlights
Wie werden Energieplanung und Gebäude-Erneuerung in Zürich aufeinander abgestimmt, um einen optimalen Beitrag zur 2000-Watt-Gesellschaft und zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung zu leisten? Und führt die städtische Gebäude-Erneuerung eigentlich zu schlechter Dichte? Welchen Beitrag leistet das Design Thinking in diesem Kontext? Neuste Forschungsresultate aus dem Programm „Energieforschung Stadt Zürich“ runden die Hintergründe, Hürden und Highlights der Gebäude-Erneuerung anhand empirischer Untersuchungen ab.
See the Program for details.

 

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Wärmetagung 2017
September 5th, 2017: Kantonsratssaal St. Gallen
Motto «Gebäude: Prüfstein der Energiewende?» Ziel der Veranstaltung ist es nicht nur, das Potenzial der Gebäude zum Gelingen der Energiewende aufzuzeigen, sondern auch die konkrete Umsetzung der neuen Energie- und Klimapolitik im Gebäudebereich zu diskutieren. Einen speziellen Fokus legen wir dabei auf Strategien und Geschäftsmodelle verschiedener Player, welche sich um die Themenführerschaft im Gebäudebereich bemühen, sowie auf das Dilemma energetischer Gebäudesanierungen im Mietwohnungsbereich.
Further information, the flyer and registration.

 

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SCCER CREST Annual Conference 2017
September 12th, 2017:HSG-Campus „E“ – Einstein Congress – Berneggstr. 2, 9000 St. Gallen
„Co-Creating the Future of Energy“
The Swiss energy transition is in full swing. After the popular vote on the Energy Strategy 2050, policymakers, businesses, consumers, investors and civil society are now turning their attention to implementing projects that will meet the ambitious policy targets for energy efficiency and renewable energy. As examples from other industries show, innovation has a key role to play in successful implementation of the energy transition, and is being co-created by a variety of stakeholders. What is the role of new prosumer business models, public-private partnerships and smart communities in bringing about a cleaner energy future that strengthens Switzerland’s competitiveness? These questions are at the center of the 4th annual SCCER CREST Conference.
Further information, the flyer and registration.

 

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4th SCCER Mobility Annual Conference
September 15th, 2017: ETH Zürich
The conference will be an opportunity for our academic and industrial partners to discuss the most relevant research results achieved so far, to find new cooperation partners and to get a glimpse on what are the current research issues being addressed by the competence center. You can find further details in the attached preliminary program or at the webpage.

 

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6. Symposium SCCER Heat and Electricity Storage
October 25th, 2017: Martigny
The SCCER Heat and Electricity Storage invites to the 6. Symposium. This event brings together experts from academia and industry to discuss results and trends in the area of heat and electricity storage. The spectrum of presenters includes experts involved in the SCCER Storage and also international experts.
More information will be available in the near future. Details of past events can be found here.

 

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Tagung Sozialwissenschaften und Praxis im Dialog: Energiezukunft von Städten und Gemeinden / Un dialogue entre sciences sociales et praticiens: Le futur énergétique des villes et des communes
January 26th, 2018: Kongresshaus Biel
This conference is in cooperation with Energieforschung Stadt Zürich, NFP 71 Steuerung des Energieverbrauchs and Comission for Technology and Innovation (CTI). Speeches in three parallel sessions will discuss the focus topic from different perspectives. More information will be available in the near future.

 


The Swiss Competence Center for Heat and Electricity Storage

The SCCER HaE is dedicated to energy storage research and the first three years were completed successfully and the second funding period till 2020 has begun. It is about time now to report some highlights from the different fields of research of the SCCER. The energy turnaround, replacing fossil and nuclear by renewable sources, is facilitated if energy storage solutions become available in line with the progress of the transition towards renewable energy sources. During Phase I (2014-2016) of the SCCER Heat and Electricity Storage a variety of storage technologies were investigated. Among the different research projects, the following examples show extraordinary potential to become relevant within the scope of ES 2050 and therefore selected as highlights of Phase I of the SCCER HaE.

Highlights of Phase I

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HYDROGEN PRODUCTION VIA REDOX FLOW BATTERY
Type of storage centralized
Stored energy mechanical
Most economic cycle period hrs/days
Efficiency estimated: 70%
Status Demonstrator

 

 

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ADVANCED ADIABATIC COMPRESSED AIR STORAGE
Type of storage centralized
Stored energy mechanical
Most economic cycle period hrs/days
Efficiency estimated: 70%
Status Demonstrator

 

 

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DEMONSTRATORS
Type of storage centralized
Stored energy chemical
Most economic cycle period days/weeks
Efficiency estimated: 40%
Status Demonstrator

 

 

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SODIUM ION BATTERY
Type of storage decentralized
Stored energy chemical
Most economic cycle period hrs
Efficiency estimated: 90%
Status Proof of principle

 

 

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CO- ELECTROLYSIS
Type of storage centralized
Stored energy chemical
Most economic cycle period days/weeks
Efficiency estimated: 60%
Status Proof of principle

 

 

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ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY STORAGE IN SWITZERLAND
A ranking for storage options, depending on cycle time is given.
At a system size of 1 MW, for short (< 1 min)
term storage battery systems are most economic and associates with the
least greenhouse gas emissions, while for medium term storage (day),
battery is still advantageous in terms of cost,
but not in terms of green-house gas emissions, Batteries fall
behind pumped hydro and adiabatic air storage.

 

 


REDOX FLOW BATTERY (RFB)

Like in fuel cells, the redox flow cell is supplied with fuel (electrolyte) form external. Like an accumulator the process is fully reversible in one device. Since the electrolytes are in liquid phase, storing them is straight forward (plastic containers can do the job). However, the down side of RFB is a low energy density and the relatively low energy efficiency of (80-85%) compared to other batteries. This limits the use of RFB to niche applications so far, but makes them interesting for research. During phase I of the SCCER Hae, an idea was formulated: If the redox couple were Cerium III/IV combined with Vanadium II/III as electrolytes, a parallel catalytic reaction can produce hydrogen and oxygen, thus the cell can do electrolysis once the electrolyte is fully charged. This is interesting for processes which require a continuous stream of hydrogen, like biogas upgrading at waste water treatment plants. More details are available in the SCCER HaE Annual Activity Report 2016, p. 37-38 .

ADVANCED ADIABATIC COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE (AA-CAES)

The growing share of fluctuating renewable energy sources like wind and solar requires short- and long-term energy storage to guarantee the power supply. Pumped hydro storage is at present the main option for large-scale storage. Electricity Storage systems based on pumped hydro are available since little more than 100 years and the massive capacity build up started in the 1970’s. Therefore the best locations for such installations are already explored. One promising alternative to pumped hydro storage is advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES) with an estimated round-trip efficiency of more than 70%. In Phase I, a demonstration plant was commissioned. The close collaboration of three research groups and the industrial partner enabled the fast progress, supported by project funding from the CTI SCCER- and the NRP 70 programme. More details are available in the SCCER HaE Annual Activity Report 2016, p. 5-9.

DEMONSTRATORS

Many concepts for energy storage exist on paper, on material level and lab scale devices. The assessment of the concepts in terms of their suitability for everyday use can be done only on demonstrators of power and capacities of about 1/100 to 1/10 below the real application. Two of such demonstrators are described in separate highlights (AA-CAES and RFB with Hydrogen production and the hydrogen filling station). Within the SCCER, three more demonstrator projects can be reported. Already at the beginning of Phase I the 25 KW power to gas plant at the HSR in Rapperswil was put into operation and two years of experience with this plant was gathered. The energy system integration platform (ESI), an installation with increased complexity was commissioned in phase I of the SCCER. Here, the interplay of different conversion type storage systems is explored on a 100kW scale. More details are available in the SCCER HaE Annual Activity Report 2016, p. 63-66.

SODIUM ION BATTERY

Batteries are the most energy efficient way to store electricity since no transition between energy carriers take place. Therefore it is the first storage option when it comes to store surplus electricity. For stationary use, weight and volume constraints on batteries are less demanding than for mobile applications, therefore a reduced lower power density is acceptable if there is a cost advantage associated. Due to the abundance of sodium in the Earth’s crust, sodium ion (Na-ion) batteries could be a more economical alternative to lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. In phase I of the SCCER, it was possible to work out the special needs of the Na –ion battery chemistry and a first full cell based on abundant low cost materials was tested. More details are available in the SCCER HaE Annual Activity Report 2016, p. 24-26 .

CO2 REDUCTION

In terms of grid scale storage options, the question remains how to deal with surplus electricity (once all the available high efficiency storage options are loaded). Can one afford to allow for curtailment shall the energy stored in a chemical compound at a lower efficiency but for long time scales. The later becomes an interesting option if seasonal or transportation aspects are considered. Also organic chemistry, not relying on fossil feedstock, becomes an option if the conversion process of CO2 and H2O to CH4 or other low molecular hydrocarbons (e.g. methanol or formic acid) is mastered in an efficient manner., Thereby a coupling of the sectors transportation and chemistry with electricity is possible, as well as long term energy storage. The proof of principle for a direct electrochemical conversion was presented during phase one, including economic considerations for identifying the best product (formic acid and methanol, was found to be economically most interesting together with CO). More details are available in the SCCER HaE Annual Activity Report 2016, p. 53-57 .

ASSESSMENT FOR ENERGY STORAGE IN SWITZERLAND

Besides of all the technical solutions for energy storage, whether they are state of the art or exist only in concepts, the economic, regulatory legal and environmental aspects are key for future implementation of storage in the energy grid. In phase I the system assessment group (a collaboration of three institutes) developed the tools necessary to conduct studies on economic and environmental scenario around energy storage technology. A comprehensive study on different storage options in terms of their costs and greenhouse gas emissions are the highlight of phase I. A ranking for storage options, depending on cycle time is given. At a system size of 1 MW, for short (<1 min) term storage battery systems are most economic and associates with the least greenhouse gas emissions, while for medium term storage (day), battery is still advantageous in terms of cost, but not in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, Batteries fall behind pumped hydro and adiabatic air storage Also a closer look behind the economics of power to gas revealed that only methane or even hydrogen production is economically not viable. Only if additional services can be sold, the business case is positive. More details are available in the SCCER HaE Annual Activity Report 2016, p. 59-62 .